Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also known as NHL, is cancer in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system and comprises of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph to the heart. When tumors occur in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells, it can lead to NHL. Cancers that originate in lymph tissue are considered lymphomas. There are different types of lymphomas. A majority of NHL is categorized as B-cell or T-cell lymphoma. The common types of B-cell lymphoma are large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. The other types of lymphoma are Burkitt’s lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Causes and symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Physicians and researchers have not yet detected the exact cause of NHL. However, it has been found out that NHL is caused when the body produces too many abnormal lymphocyte cells that continue to grow and divide. Other medical conditions that increase the risk of this disease is an immune disorder, inflammatory bowel disease, genetic syndromes, psoriasis, family history of lymphoma, and Celiac disease. Different bacteria and viruses also increase the risk of such disease. The common symptoms of NHL are pain or swelling in the abdominal region, swollen lymph nodes, difficulty in breathing, chest pain and coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and fever.

The prostate gland is present in the male body just below the urinary bladder. It is responsible for producing seminal fluid in males. Majorly, older males are more prone to acquire the condition of prostate cancer. There are some prominent causes of this disease and some prevention techniques, too. The causes and the prevention techniques are given below in a descriptive way as you can easily understand. Causes of prostate cancer The main cause of developing cancer in the prostate gland is due to the mutation of some cells present in the prostate gland. The abnormal cells divide rapidly causing the prostate gland to gain its size. The normal cells often die faster but the cancerous cells live. This causes the rapid advancements of the various stages of cancer. There is a prominent chance of cancer cell metastasizing from prostate cancer. Age : Ageing can be one of the leading causes of developing prostate cancer. History : Family history is vital for prostate cancer. You can be more prone to prostate cancer if someone has it in your family. Gene mutations of BRCA 1 and BRCA2 can also amplify the risks of developing prostate cancer in males. Obesity : Men who are overweight generally have higher risks of developing prostate cancer.

Multiple myeloma is a common form of blood cancer that affects the plasma cells. These plasma cells are found inside the bone marrow i.e. soft tissue inside your bones. Plasma cells make antibodies which help the body fight infection. However, in multiple myeloma, plasma cells make excess amounts of protein, which gets released into the bones and blood. A build-up of this excess protein leads to organ damage over time. Let’s take a closer look at the symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Symptoms of multiple myeloma External symptoms of multiple myeloma rarely show up in the initial phases of the disease. Moreover, the extent of the symptoms varies between people. Some of the most common symptoms of multiple myeloma are as follows: Constant fatigue: As myeloma cells crowd your body, the healthy cells work twice as hard to fight the infection. This makes you tire out faster than normal. Bone pain and weakness: Myeloma cells prevent the formation of new and healthy bone cells. This may lead to severe bone pain. Low immunity: Fewer antibodies make it difficult to resist infections. Kidney problems: The excess proteins released by myeloma cause kidney damage and failure. Other symptoms:

Main and Subtypes of Lymphoma Lymphoma is a cancer that affects the cells of the immune system. These affected cells can be found in the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, along with other parts of the body. Lymphoma is split into two main types: Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin types. The most common form of lymphoma is Non-Hodgkin’s. Hodgkin’s is the other yet rarer form of lymphoma, and both types respond to treatment in different ways. Lymphoma is often linked to diets high in red meat and smoking. Overall, lymphoma is highly treatable. Effectiveness of treatment is dependent on the type of lymphoma and the stage of the lymphoma. Lymphoma cancers occur in infection-fighting lymphoma whereas leukemia starts in blood-forming cells within the bone marrow. Let’s look at the subtypes of lymphoma: 1. B-Cell lymphoma B-cell lymphoma prognosis is dependent on the type. the treatment the physician prescribes, the patient’s age, and how far the tumor has progressed at the time of discovery. B-cell lymphoma is considered Non-Hodgkin’s disease and is broken into two categories, low grade, and high grade. Patients diagnosed with a low grade have a greater chance of recovery than those patients diagnosed with high-grade type. This type of lymphoma has its best chances of recovery in those patients that their lymphoma is found in stages 1 and 2.

In the U.S., studies have shown that lung cancer is among one of the most common cancers in both men and women. Generally, lung cancer starts when the cells of the lungs become unusual and begin to develop outside of abnormal control. Non small lung cancer (NSCLC) causes accounts for just about 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses. NSCLC is any type of epithelial lung cancer, other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. There are several subtypes of NSCLC, such as adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinoma account for about 50% of all lung cancer diagnosis. The other two subtypes which make up a majority of the additional 50% of lung cancers are squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinomas and large cell (undifferentiated) carcinomas, which are similar to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Adenosquamous carcinomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas are not as common. Certain risk factors, both preventative and not unpreventable, can circumvent a person’s chance of getting non-small cell lung cancer. Smoking is a high-risk factor that can be prevented with the cessation of smoking. However, circumstances such as genetics and family history cannot be changed, but are known risk factors. Preventative check-ups with a geneticist, oncologist, or specialized pulmonologist can help monitor and treat for risk factors that may develop.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that affects men, especially those who are over the age of 50. While traditional drug treatments such as XTANDI, Mogamulizumab, Radium injections, ERLEADA, Vectibix, Relugolix oral, and Ibrutinib can be effective in treating prostate cancer, early detection is critical for better outcomes. In this article, we will explore the early signs of prostate cancer that you should be aware of: 1. Problems urinating Difficulty in urinating or frequent urination is one of the most common early signs of prostate cancer. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, which carries urine from the bladder out of the body. When the prostate gland is enlarged due to cancer, it can press against the urethra and cause problems with urination. 2. Blood in the urine or semen Another early sign of prostate cancer is the presence of blood in the urine or semen. This symptom can be alarming and should be evaluated by a doctor immediately. While blood in the urine or semen can be caused by other conditions, such as infections or kidney stones, it is essential to rule out prostate cancer as a potential cause. 3. Pain in the hips, back, and spine Prostate cancer can also cause pain in the hips, back, or spine.

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease among women, and menopause is a time when women may be at higher risk. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of the early warning signs of breast cancer during menopause. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, which may involve medical treatments for breast cancer such as hormone therapy, gene testing, or HER2 targeted therapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) breast cancer screening guidelines also recommend regular screening for women in this age group. In this listicle, we will discuss the early warning signs of breast cancer during menopause and how to recognize them: 1. Lumps A lump in the breast is often one of the first signs of breast cancer. The lump may feel hard or rubbery and may be painless or tender to the touch. However, not all lumps are cancerous, and some benign conditions, such as cysts or fibroadenomas, can also cause lumps in the breast. 2. Thickening or swelling of the breast Breast cancer can cause thickening or swelling of the breast tissue. This may occur in one breast or both and can be accompanied by a lump or not. The breast may feel heavier than usual, and there may be changes in the shape or size of the breast.

Colon cancer develops from growths, or polyps, in the colon’s inner lining. It is important to catch precancerous polyps and have them removed—if left untreated, the cancer may spread throughout the body. Catching it early on also makes treatments like the colon cancer clinical trials with MD Anderson, medications like Opdivo, and the Vectibix immunotherapy treatment much more effective. It’s valuable to be aware of these early symptoms of colon cancer: 1. Blood in stool While blood in stool may not always be colon cancer, it is certainly a reason for concern. If you notice blood in your stool, after wiping, or your stool is a dark or bright red, it is important that you check in with your healthcare provider. 2. Changes in bowel movements and habits If you have chronic diarrhea or constipation, or you feel as though your bowels are still full after using the restroom, you should speak to your healthcare provider. Any abnormal changes in your bowel movements or habits should not go unnoticed or unreported. 3. Abdominal pain Many things can cause abdominal pain; however, it is an early symptom of colon cancer. With polyps, constipation, or bloating (all are results of colon cancer), it is likely that you will experience abdominal pain.

The first step to preventing stomach cancer is to eliminate the risk factors. If there are hereditary and genetic factors involved, getting screening tests done to detect cancer as early as possible is most helpful for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Since the cause of stomach cancer is not fully ascertained, the risk factors need to be considered while deciding to undergo screening tests for stomach cancer. Quit smoking : Smoking is a major risk factor of stomach cancer and increases its risk by up to two times. Diet : Eating fresh fruits and vegetables is beneficial. Vitamins, essential minerals, and dietary fiber lower the risk of stomach cancer considerably. A Mediterranean diet is low on sugar, red meat, processed food, and saturated fats and high on fresh produce, nuts, and other healthy foods. Adopting this diet may be beneficial to people with a high risk of contracting stomach cancer. Severely limiting the intake of salty, spicy, and smoked food is important, and refrigerated food and food with preservatives should be avoided. Some studies have shown that green onions, mushrooms, garlic, and soya bean are linked to lowering the risk of stomach cancer. Exercise regularly : Having a regular exercise program helps in reducing the risk of stomach cancer.

Hodgkin’s disease or Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a specific type of cancer that forms in the lymphatic systemic the body. The lymphocytes or white blood cells are an essential part of the infection and disease-fighting immune system that helps keeps the body healthy. Of the three principal types of lymphocytes, it is the B cells that produce antibodies to fight against bacteria, virus and other foreign materials that are affected by cancer. When tumors or lymphomas form in abnormal B cells, it is termed as Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The lymphatic system is present all over the body and so are lymphocytes. So technically, Hodgkin’s lymphoma can form anywhere in the body, but it is most often found in the chest, neck, underarms, or groin area. This cancer can spread to the bone marrow, the liver, lungs, spleen or even the skin. The spread of this type of cancer typically happens in a structured manner from one lymph node to the next. This is because the lymphatic system, apart from fighting disease, carries out certain important functions like transporting nutrients and hormones throughout the body and removing waste products from the tissues throughout the human body. But Hodgkin’s lymphoma is not common, it affects less than 0.2% of the population in the country.